Tigers have played prominent in news recently, culminating in the horrific Christmas Day death of a young man killed by a female tiger at the San Francisco Zoo, an incident that bore an eery resemblance to the events at the end of
my story “Pride.”In addtion to the Christmas tiger tragedy, tigers have been themselves victims of predation. In China,
a rare Siberian tiger was found beheaded in a freezer, along with two stillborn cubs.
In another incident -- you have to wonder if it’s an exotic pet-owners response to the SF zoo death --
a declawed tiger, leashed with a bicycle chain and shot five times in the head and chest, was found by sanitation crews in a wooded area off Rte 35E. She was only a year old.
At MileHiCon on a recent panel on animal characters in fiction, I inadvertently caused an uproar when I speculated that human beings can’t really tell if animals have the same emotions that we do: love, tenderness, envy, etc. I said the animals have emotions, that we can observe that they react in seemingly human ways, but that we don’t really know what is going on in their minds.
One panelist became irate and accused me of being chauvinistic about being human. The word
arrogant was bandied about. I’m not sure if she had read “Pride,” where one of my characters (the hard-bitten Dr. Betty Hartley, who is not really the villain of the piece) says of the smilodon, “Her definition of love is different from yours and mine.” But the panelist emphatically felt I was denying the humanity of animals.
Humanity of animals? So, do they experience the same range of emotions we do? In the recent San Francisco zoo tragedy,
one reporter suggested that the tiger, Tatiana, may have tracked down the particular youth who had teased her, or insulted her, or just looked at her funny, with the idea of revenging herself on him. This is an interesting speculation, though one with absolutely no potential for verification. The boy is dead, his life ended horribly and way too young: the tiger is also dead and anyway, tigers communicate in more dramatic terms than mere English.
You would think nobody is dumb enough to think tigers, or other predator cats, regard human beings as equals or have respect for human life. And yet we’re tricked into thinking this again and again. You almost wonder if their beauty isn’t a type of lure, that if they looked like giant squid, for example, or sewer rats, we’d exterminate them instead of keeping them in zoos and sometimes getting just a tad too close. You don’t see a lot of people clamoring to protect endangered species like Variola Major.
Pretty, yes. The cubs are cute and cuddly-looking. You could easily decide to adopt one. It looks and maybe feels like a baby. Intellectually most of us know it doesn't think like a human child, all trusting and loving. But we forget, don’t we?
I suspect big cats have intelligence equal to, but different from, the humans who trap and fear them. We’ll never know how tigers choose one victim over others, why they choose one moment rather than another to strike. We’re only guessing why Tatiana struck: annoyance at being teased with a laser pointer? instinct to “mouse”? boredom?
When I taught at Kent State Trumbull, I used to do a logic exercise that involved family pets. Usually when I asked for descriptions of pets, students would tell me of dogs, cats, fish, and the occasional cow or bantam hen. Two sisters in one of my classes revealed that they had owned a pair of lion cubs. They kept the young lions running loose in their house and yard, and the cubs sometimes blocked traffic by plopping down to sun themselves in the middle of their street. When one of the sisters (the humans, not the tigers) got pregnant, they were forced to rehome the cubs with a local dentist.
This wasn’t a unique incident in Trumbull county. There are in fact too many “exotic” animals in private homes. So many so, that in fact over the country, it is not easy to find zoos that will take on a “pet” lion when it is no longer amenable to human habitaiton.
I really don’t know if lions are less dangerous than tigers, or if big cats raised among humans are less likely to suddenly decide that a toddler is lunch instead of its brother. I do know that humans can’t resist the fascination with big, dangerous, gorgeous beasts. Think of
Born Free. Think of the scene in
Red Dragon (the book upon which
Manhunter was based) where a serial killed takes a plucky blind lab tech to pet an anesthetized tiger. (Wouldn’t you take that opportunity, were it offered?) Think of Ruby, the leashed domesticated puma in Elizabeth Marshall Thomas's
Tribe of Tiger which insists upon using a human toilet in a lady’s room on the way to appearing during a lecture by Thomas.
"Pride" gets some interesting reactions when I read it. First, people say Kevin was stupid to keep the smilodon. Second, people identify the story as some sort of animal rights parable.
Wrong. Neither. I put Kevin in a position of making a moral choice: he can risk human lives by keeping the smilodon, or he can turn it in and have it killed, thereby destroying something as unique as Mount Everest or the moon.
I have a so-far unpublished story about the space program, called "Risk Assessment," part of my Mars colonization series. I pose the same dilemma: how can we balance risk to human life against the attainment of great knowledge, such as travel to the stars, or human values against the preservation of a great work of art, such as the
Bamiyan Buddhas or the Elgin Marbles.
In "Pride," I deliberately muddy the waters, just as the choices in real life are never simple. Kevin’s choices are complicated by his own human feelings of love: love for the sabertooth, and love for a woman. If your child had robbed a liquor store, would you lie and give the girl a alibi? Don’t answer too quickly: you might be surprised at what you’d do. Still further complexities: if Kevin gives the sabertooth back to Dr. Betty Hartley, will the scientist kill it? And does Kevin guess that the smilodon is capable of killing humans, even a human it "loves"?
A friend of mine,
J. E Stanley, wrote a poem about being in a museum fire and forced to choose between saving the Mona Lisa or an old woman. Me, I’d probably save the old woman, but that isn’t saying I’m right.
It’s a moral choice, friends. There isn’t any right answer. That’s what my story is about.
And some say we shouldn’t keep tigers in zoos. After the tragedy on Christmas, there are probably even some who think tigers should be exterminated.